Control system.



n. E. HELLMUND..

CONTROL'SYSTEM. APPLICATION ,FILED .14N. 23. Isls.

Patented an. 1, 1918.

2 ySHEETS-SHEET 1.

n.1. HELLMUND.

` CONTROL SYSTEM. APPVLI'CATIQN FILED` MII. 23. LUIS- Pana Jan. 1, 1918;

`2 sains-suina.

ooooooooo ooooooooo Qoeoooooo Ooo oooooooo l.Omo Oooooooo UnTTED STATES PATENT @Enron RUDOLF HELLMUND, 1. rlsresvnfre PENNSYPYWM, es ,SlGNQn fr0 WessrivGrroUsn Enno'rnrcnnp MnnUFnC'rUnlNG oonrPnNY, A Conronnrronpg PENNSYLVANM sonnet sirenen- Application led Ianuary 23, 1915. Serial No. 3,918.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Runom` E. MUN, a subject of :the German Empire, and a reside-nt of Pittsburgh, iny -the county of Allegheny and Stateof.1? ennsylvania, have ing'eltfect 1n predetermined -irect propor- .60 invented a ne?? and useful Impmyemeut in tiOu' Ato the Value of active secondary-wind- (lcntrfol Sys-tems, of which .the following is ing-circuit resistance.

a specific-ation. y In the accompanying drawing, Figure `1 My invention relates to systems ofcontrol 1s a dia rammatic view oa system of confor electric motors, and it has special refertrol ein odying my :invent-ion; Fig; 2 va. 1,65

en ce to the phase regulation oi nduton diagrammatic 'view of the main circuits .ofa motors and the like, modified system of control arranged in ac-y T-he object of my invention is to .provide cordance with mv invention; I`ig. 3"is a s- :1 phase-udvgncing system for induction moquence .chart of well-known form 'for inditors which shall be' simple and Veffective. in Cnhngtbe sequence of 4.operation `ottho .va- 7o operation and .which shall render such sysrlous switches that are illustrated in 'Fi 2; tems more flexible in operation than has and. Fig; 4 is a diagrammatic view an been the case hitherto. A auxiliary control system-for manipulating More speciically stated,i t is Athe object ,of the mainfcircuit connections of F1 2251i my inyention .t0 provide means whenebythe accordance with the sequence chart() 'Eig- 3. 75 phase-re Aloting` eifect, in systems o; the Referl'mg t0 Flg- -1 0f thldmwin the above-.indicated character, .is :automatically System here Shorm comprisesasutab-supmd =CQ1'1'.^ SP01 di 1y Yaed xwith a Variation ply circuit. Ahaving a: plurality' of phase-'conl-m of resistance inntghe secondary-winding cirductcrs L; a poly-phase induction motor cuit of an induction motor, thus producin .a having a primary winding P that .-is suitably, so proper degree of phase-compensation un er connected .to the supply circuit by a lu-A all conditions of induction-motor 10nd, rnhty 4of distrlbuting conductors D and ayf In the p 'or art, various `\1\r elllr no vcrn types mg `a polyphase wound rotor S;.a .plurali-ty of phase-a vancers have Abeen employed for of associated armatures A1, A2', and and the .familiar Aurpose of iniprovingrthe IeSPeCtlVelY Coperatillgeldmgllet Winl -85 poiverlfactor ,o an induction motor Aor of n, ings FF, F'-I and F; .a 4source `ofdirect-nur distribution system.- However, all such d orent energy, such as a storage battery QB, vic,es"have been designed to .ei'ect proper for energizing the field-magnet windings; phase-compensation' in" the particular com n Suitable resistor, such as a liquid resister trol system for one given yalue 0f sgcondnry- LR, that is disposed in circuit with the'ar- 90 winding-cirit resistance. Aertain lmimatures A1, A2 and A vand the respective tation has thus 'been inherently imposed phase windings of the rotor fS of the :inducupon the utility 'of snch i dev .icgs For oi;- ton motor; and a switching device Slythat ample, in electric railway systems of the is associated with the liquid rheostat LR ltype that employ propelling induction -moand the field-magnet windings, in a 'manner 95 t0rs,it is often necessaryor .desirableto into be described. sert a permanent lvariable resistor in the It Will be Observed that the System 'ht secondary circuits of certain motors, yin or- ShOWIl dSClOSCS my invetOn in COHDECJI der to compensate for differences in the di- Wll n Kapp Vbl'aOl, Which iS emPlQyed :ameters lof the vehicle wheels. In sucha in some cases for regulating .the phaseplcase, it will bc observed that the 4aboyelations of induction motors, as will be `known mentioned phase-regulatin devices Vare not to thOSe Skilled in the art, and 11S deSCAbQd adapted tomeet theiopcratmgconditionsof in British Patent 24323 0f 1911- Tll Pur: variable secondary-circuit resistn'ijice. pose of the system illustrated, as liereinbe- According to my present invention, therefore explained, is to increase the fleigibil-ity fore, l 4prin-ide a plia'seadvancing system 0f the Kapp vibrator system by providing 'For induction motors wherein the pliase-regncansfor permitting correct phase compenl ulating effect is varied in accordance with sation with varying values ofsecondary-cirfthe variatic'm of resistance in Ythe secondarycuit resistance. .Windag-c1rat '0 eawnrlih theslssred The .liquid rheoetet LB may samplers-1.1 '11.0

result, I employ a means that is varied in accordance with the switching means gov; erning the secondaryrcircmt resistance' for correspondingly varying the hase-regulata gy conductors 8, between' one end of the tiel 3omagnet-windulilgs'- s gized bythe f 1- electromotive force of the surface o inca-sing member or tank l within which is disposed a body of suitable electrolyte 2; and a plurality of suitable electrodes 3 for introducing, in conjunction with the electrolyte 2, a balanced polyphase resistance in the circuit of the secondary winding of theinductionmotor., The electrodes 3 are mounted' 'upon a'v'suitable supportin and insulating member 3"'that is provide with an upwardly extendin rod or standard 4 of insulatingmaterial., .he switching device SW1-comprises'1a' movable contact member 5 that is suitably and rigidly secured to the standard 4, aset of coperating stationary contact 'members 6 that are connected magnet-winding circuit-anda terminal of the batteryv B;andra. second set of coperating-'staonary contact members-7 that are connectedyby acondctor '9, between the sarn'evend of thefieldcircuit andan interme- 'githe circuit connections to be as maybeset forth as follows: If the electrodes 3 of the 1i uid rheostat extend just below the Vthe 4electrolyte. 2, a relatively great-resistan'isinserted in the-secondarywindingrcircuit and, at this time, the field- F1, 'F* and -F are enerbattery B through coperating contact members -15 1 and "6 and conductors 8. Simultaneouslyfthe several armatures A1 A and 'Areceive'an alternatint current from the secondary' S of e induction motor, with the resultant effect' that' the Varmatures successively-'rotate in one direction during a. half-cycle' 'of the alternating current and then rotate-in the opposite direction during the other-half of each cycle. -The resultant phase-compensation is effected in a. manner thatiis deemed to be suiiciently well known to m'ake further description unnecessary. As the electrodes 3 are further immersed in the electrolyte 2 by means of any familiar and well-known mechanism (not shown) the movable'contact member 5 will disengage the stationary Contact members 6 and will immediately make' .contact with the contact member 7, whereby energization of the fieldmagnet windings F1, F 2 and F is reduced to a predetermlned amount.

In this way, when the current in the secondary winding S of the induction motor is relatively low, that is, when the electrodes 3 extend just below the surface of the electrolyte-2, the phase-compensating etleet of the several armatures A1, Az and A is re1- ativeiy great, thereby affording proper phase regulation under the assumed conditions or' load and speed of the main induction motor. When the electrodes 3 occupy their final low resistance position, whereby the secondary winding S of the induction motor is subciated with the stantially short-eircnitcd: the energization of the field magnet windings F, F and Fs is correspondingly weakened by'reason' of the change in battery connections, and the regulating effect afforded by the armatures A1, Az and A'1 is proportionately decreased to prevent over-compensation of the induction motor at its final running speed.' It will be understood that more than one change in battery-circuit connections may be employed, if desired. v

eference may now be had to Fig.A 2 which shows a system comprising the polyphase supply-circuit conductors'L; the main inductionmotor having rimaryand Secondary windings P and respectively; a plurality of resistors R', R2 and R that are respectively connected in the circuits of the hase windings 'of the secondarywinding a phase-advancer A* of the well'known g5 rotary type that is suitably. connected to the seconda winding S throughthefsev'eral resistors 1. R2 and R; anauxiliary driving motor `DMior the phase-advancer'A; fa T., connectedxtransfonner T` for SUPP.l `nv energy to: the' auxiliary drivinv motor a plurality ofl switches LS,. andLS for connecting phasefconductorsL tothe primary winding 'P of tliej'induction motor;

a plurali of resistor-shortcircuiting 95 switches R 1.-' RS2 and IRS that 4'are asoresistor Rf; a 'lurality of similar switches RS, RS and R for varying the active-valuev of the resistor R; n third set of similar switches RS', RSs and RS that are adapted tocontrolthe circuit connections of the resistorgR;` a.,plurality of short-circuit switches SCr-.and SCz .for short-circuiting the -phaseadvancer-Af under starting conditions "cf the :inductionyinotor, for a well-knownpurpo'seig-'iai)lurali #of revexsing'swtches FV, FV, R ,.1 and V, the first two being ada ptedz to e'ect a forward operation of the phase-advancer A*- and the latter vtwo being adaptedto veffect a freversed rotation' of the advancer; a reversing switch RV for reversing the electrical relations of the armature and the fieldmagnet winding of tle'v auxiliary driving motor DM, a switch MS"for connecting the field-magnet winding ofv-the auxiliary driving motor to the primary winding P? of the transformer T; anda pluralityof switches T1, T2 and Ta for varying the activeamount of the secondary winding S of the transformer T that is in circuit with the armature of the auxiliary motor.

The rotary phase advancer A* loo comprises a rotatable armature 10 of the commutatortype that is provided with a plurality of brushes 1l which are respectively connected to the resistors R1, R2 and Rs. The drivinglr motor DM is also preferablyv of the commutator-type, comprising an armature l2 which is connected through a plurality of brushes Laasphe.

13= and conductors 14; and.- lf to the.- ends, off the. winding.. S' offI the transformen 'Il rEhe circuit offthejieldnuugnet wind-ing F ofthe.V auxiliary dcivingunotor-exndsfrom. ani-ntransformen -'I 'through conductor. k7, the re.- versing swdtchBN, the fieldi winding-If, conf ductur. 18, contact. members of: the switch MS, when closed; and`v conductor 19to.a.se.cond intermediate point 2O of the transformer; winding, Bi:

'llhea operation of the. auxiliary. driving, motor DM may be describedf as. follows: T-he armature windinglQ-of themotorbein 15: relatively noun-.inductive-2v when. compare with thofieldrm1gneti winding F, the ar.- mature current lags behind the electromotive fox-.ee impressed. uponthey brushes 13 from the transformerr winding S?. by. ag relatively smallzangle. Onnthe other-hand; the current..V traversingftliefieldknmgneu winding; F from. the winding P?, whichds disposed; inquad rature nelutiontoatherV secondary.; winding-S?, lags approximatelyA 909-' behind; the electro. motive force `impressedz upon the field: wind ing, by. mason of the. relatively.- high. inductanceithereof;y As aresul, the:.fieldrand armature currents. are substantially.I in. phase, and proper relationsare obtained; for, satisfactory opera-tion of: the motor; In. thezsystem. shown, the field:.winding. energization o the auxiliary drivingi motoris substanr. tially constant, where ass the voltage-A im. pressed; upon= the; armature', 1Q' may; be varied bymanipulatin switches.` '13', and' T3; howevervitL Willi e understood: that.- these. relationsma-y. be: reversed, so that; the speed of the auxiliary driying-motor-may be varied by variation in. the field; strength thereof.

Referring now to- Figi- 4, theauariliany control' system illustrated cor'nprisesa muster controller `MC that: is adapted to assume a plurality ooperative positions fr, I), c and d; thebattery. Bzonother suitable-,source of energy; and= aplurality.- of-"electrical-y interlocks that: amzassooiuted with,Y and movable by, thovarious. main circuit switches, in a well-lmown mannen Assuming.thefmaster-controller MG to be moved: from'. its offf to its. first operative position a, the operation ofIv the. au-xiliar)r controh` system.. may -be` described? as.- follows:

A\ ciucuit is first-established from one terminal of the buttery B through conductor 21,.control. finger 22, contact: seginentsQB, and Q5 and controlffinger. 26 ofthe mastencontroller, conductor 27; interlock HVL-out, conductor 28, interlock` lVzJ-out1 and? conductor. 29113011 point-29 where thecircuit di- 60 vides1 one branch including actuating coil.

30.01 the switch CSF, conductors 3l and 32,

and. the other branch includingconductor 34, actuating coil 35; of theswitch S62 and' conductors 36. and. 3?, the. conductors- 3'2. and.' 66,. 37 being1 connectedft, a common, conductors termediate point lr6' ofrtheiwinding, P* offthc` 33 ;\v hich makescounection .withtheenegativc terminal'of the,batterylB.I 'Illxe Switches.: SG" and; SC2 are thus.- initially.. closed: shortfcircuitithe pbase advancer fon-thespurf. pose of; preventing.- any1 spar-kingx in. thefmdl; vancer. which might be Acaused. by'. reasomo: the. relatively` high. frequency. of thestartf inge currentseof" the inductionmotor-'..-secouebl ary wnding,S;

Another circuit. is.. then established from: 'lsf the. energized. contact.- segment.24; through. control finger 38, conductor 39;.the parallel? connected-gactuatinggcoilsAO, 471', andal of the; switches: LS?, LS'f.: and# LSl; and:A con. ductor to the negative 'baatt`-cry= conf. 80, ductor.

'.Ilhe. induction motor, is thusconnected to thecircuit with all of fthe; secondary .circuits resistance active;

When; the master controller, istrxuwedz tot 85., its-secondoperative:positionb, am ener 1 contactfsegmentrligengages acontrul er.

45;. from which, point: circuit is through conductos-46;. actuating coil 47 oftn the nesistorfshort-ci rcuiti'ng: switch'. R85 and( 9 of, Conductors 48,V -and 3.3:to thenegative-side,

cfg` the battery B; Simultanusly. circuits..

are. established from.l conductor 46; through; conductor- 4:9, actuating coil fwofrthe switch. RSffandf-conductors 51, 3.7;and33;landffromi 95g. conductou .49.- through conductor 5.2; actuan. ing-,coil 53 ofthe swtch,RS?-and:conductors 541 and.: 3.3: As soon asLthe- RSc-is closedg. anotheu` Circuit. is.- est'ablishedi from. conductor 46- to conductor 55; interlock 100s RSffin-V couducton; a two-wayfswitchi'' actuatingcoila ofithe switch EV* and con. ductory59' to the negativeconductor 33, andI also`- from the switch. 574 throughV conduction 60, the actuating coil 61, of the..switeh RVF 106; and conductor 62 toeonductors. 37T andrai-3. The segmentl 25,breaks.contuct. withathe: fingerQG-j ust-before :the .b.position is. reached; thus.- openin-g the. switches SG1; and, SG: The segmentfQ preferably overlapslthe'seg: 110'.- ment.; 44, asshow-n', to` insure. ther. closing-of:

the switchesrR-S, R155?z and`- RST: before-lilo opening of; thel short; circuiting. switches The. short-circuit of; the. pliase-aclwancers is thus.A removed to permit of? the usualphase. 116gA regulationas-soonas the adlvancerK iss'tartedfinto-.operation as about to bedescribedz The switches RS, RS4 and RS arethus closed to .short-circuit a. predetermined.' portion ofi the resistors R1, R2- and;` R3 andto. 12o. effect a predeterminedl acceleration of themain induction motor.

Another circuit is then established' from conductor 52 through conductor 63, interlock SGL-out, conductor-64, actuating coil of 126. the switch MS'. and'iconducton 66v to the-nega.: tive conductor-33;

A. circuit is atthe.. same. time esta-blished` from.. conductor- 63.- through conducf tor.: Shinteslock Rmout, conductor.-` 6-, inf. 13m.

ter1ockJ:SC1-'-'0ut, conductor 69, -the actuatingI coil (59"ofJ the driving-motor regulating switch-.Trendconductors 70'and-'71 to the negative conductor 33. Thefarmature circuit.

5f 'of 'the'auxi1iary-"driving tmotor DM is thus completed'l across :the secondary transformer wind-ing S1, andffthe' driving. motor f will lccelerate the phase-advancer:Artol itsvmitlal 1 and highest operatingspeed, whichaffords F-.correct A:phse-'compensationwunder i-the assuinedf conditions A"of loaidfzfand speed o f- 'the tors 74ian-df75fthe' actuatingfcoil 7'6fof1the resistoshort-circuitixig switchf'RSz and"con: ductor 77 to the negative-potential conclue-1V 201 tor-- 45851' Simultaneously, the r-rswitc'lies'RS5 and RSL-iaref :closed rbyV Freasonf oi :the 2 enertivefsw-"itches through'conductors 17 8 and "80,?

andy 81 and r831respectivelycircuit :being completed throughrthe fn'egative2 batterycon'- theflriaster f controller? MC is moved to its :final operative f position*y il, -aycircuit 'is first established ."froxn 'an energized f contact segment V89, through 5 'con-trol e finger 490,1 conj ductorsl91 andf92, energizing coll 93 'of -the switch RS.'A anda conductorm94 tojthe conduc tor 48. '1 Simultaneouslythe .energizing coils 96-andf991=of theswitchesCRS*6v and RS arej energized 'through conductors 95 'and 97,l and 98l and '100, respectively.' The switchl T2 is then opened by reason'of the exclusion fromits control' circuit of the -interlock speedand its-elect'will be correct forthe induction motorunder the assumed *condi pressed upon the driving-motor DM-is correspondingly reduced andthe resultant'elfect oni the phase-advance'r issuch'as to produce proper-compensation under the new speed conditions of the induction motor. f

Assuming that the inductionrmotor running above 4the synchronouswspeed:that correspondstothe frequency-ofthe supply circuit conductors'L -andthat it is' desiredto regenerati-vely fbrakethe -driven-vehicle by returning energy `to the supply Icircuit,

the desired result. maybe y accomplished "asI The master controller is fir.stret-urnedf4 to its- .oi`?` position toeifect the opening of all circuit-switches,and steps are-takento'- reverse the. effectv of; the phase-advancer. A,'f gizaoi frthecoils'79mnd82`c-the respec's'- as is necessary when theinduction motor isf to operate as 4an asynchronous generator. '.The'l I' preferred method in'volves' 'thefactuation "ofwf thefsv'vitch? to the position shown in -'dotted' tion," conductor 5107, actuating coil $108. ofv r the :switch: RV.1 :to'fthe v:negative conductor through its operative .positions l inra manner similar-to thatzhereilibefore described; the

operation being identical, with the-single l exceptionithat the switches RV1 and RV are substitutedl for the switches and-.FV2,-' respectively, incase the'linejswitch'' has y been actuated to *the dotted-line position. Regeneration'to the supply circuit may-thus be effected so long'as the speed of the induci tion mot-or remainsgreater than the abve'-4 mentioned synchronous speed, and the phaseregulating eii'ect of the"phase-advar'icer"A4 will be varied in accordance with the changes in the 'secondary-circuit' resistance o'the.

induction motor, in asimilar manner tovthat.l

described in connection with the acceleration of the induction motor.

For mechanical convenience, it isdesirable to be able to control'the vdirection of rotai tion of the phase-converter and driving motor and.v for this purpose. I equip the field F of the driving motor DM with a reversing switch RV. Obviously, areversal inthe di? rection of rotation of the set involves a reversa] in the phase order of'the converter and it is accordingly necessary, if, for eX- ample, continuous motor'operation is devsirable,'to interchange twoleads of the con-v verter, as above described, when reversing the driving motor DM.

I do not wish to be restricted to the specific circuit connections and arrangement of parts herein set forth, as various modifications thereof may be effected within the s irit and scope of my invention. I desire, t erefore, that only such limitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a system Of control, the combination with an induction motor having a rimary and a secondary windin of a p ase-advancing machine dispose to energize said. secondary winding, a. driving motor for said machine, switching means for varying the resistance of the secondary winding circuits, speed-regulating connections for said driving motor, and means energized in accords ance with said switching means for varying said connections.

2. In a system of control, the combination with an induction motor having a primary and a secondary winding, of a phase-advancing machine disposed to energize said secondary -winding a driving motor for said machine, switching means for varying the resistance of the secondary winding circuits, speed-regulating connections for said driving motor, and conducting means energized in accordance with said switching means for chan g said connections to vary the phaseregu ating effect of saidmachine in predetermined direct proportion to the value of active secondary winding-circuit resistance.

3. In a system of control, the combination with an induction motor having rimary and secondary windings, of a. p` ase-advancin dynamo-electric machine connected to sai secondary winding, driving means for said machine, means for insertin dilerent amounts of resistance in circuit with said secondary winding, and means for controlling the s ed of said driving means in accordance with the adjustment of said resistance-controlling means.

4. In a. system of control, the combination with an induction motor having Erimar and secondary windings, of a p ase-a vancing dynamo-electric machine connected to said secondary winding, driving means for said machine, means for insertin different amounts of resistance in circuit wlth said secondary Winding, and means for contro1- ling the speed of said driving means to va the phase-regulatin effect of said machine in predetermined `rect proportion to the value of active secondary-winding-circuit4 resistance.

5. In a system of control, the combination with an induction machine having primary and secondary windings and subJect to operation either as a motor or as a generator, of a phase-advancin dynamo-electric machine connected to said seconda-ry winding, driving means for said machine, means for inserting different amounts of resistance in circuit with said secondary winding, means for controlling the speed of said driving means in accordance with the adjustment of said resistance-controlling means, and means whereby the phase order of said phase advancer may be reversed when said induction machine reverses in function.

6. In a system of control, the combination with an induction machine hav' primary and secondary windings and subject to operation either as a. motor or as a generator, of a phase-advancing dynamoelectric machine'connected to said secondary winding, driving means for said machine. means for inserting different amounts of resistance in circuit with said secondary winding, means for controlling the speed of said drivin means to vary the phase-regulating effect o said mac e in predetermined direct proportion to the value of active secondarywinding-circuit resistance, and means whereby the phase order of said phase advancer may be reversed when said induction machine reverses in function.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 21st day of Jan. 1915.

RUDOLF E. HELLMUND.

Witnesses: J. V. DoBsoN, B. B. Hnms.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner otPatentl, Washington, D. C. 

